Madrid Researchers Develop Innovative Machine to Quantify Microfiber Pollution from ‘Fast Fashion’
Madrid, June 1, 2026 – A collaborative effort between the University of Alcalá (UAH) and the Autonomous University of Madrid has led to the invention of a groundbreaking machine designed to measure the amount of textile fibers released into the atmosphere from various fabrics. This new technology sheds light on the significant environmental impact of ‘fast fashion’ by demonstrating its higher propensity for fiber shedding.
The researchers’ primary goal is to address the existing knowledge gap concerning microplastics and human exposure to these particles in daily environments. While the effects of microplastics in water and food are well-documented, less is known about the fibers that detach from clothing and remain suspended in the air, and their subsequent impact on health.
Addressing a Critical Gap in Microplastic Research
Previous studies have explored the issue of textile fibers released during the washing and drying of clothes. However, a standardized method to quantify fibers shed from garments during everyday wear has been absent – until now. This Madrid-based innovation provides a crucial tool for understanding and mitigating this form of pollution.
The device, constructed entirely from metal to prevent cross-contamination with plastics, operates by suspending a garment within a chamber. A controlled airflow then carries the released fibers towards a 25-micron filter, where they are collected and quantified. “We measure the quantity of fibers released based on air volume, speed, and the type of garment,” explains Roberto Rosal, Professor of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering at UAH.
Professor Rosal highlights the pervasive presence of these fibers: “When we conduct environmental sampling, we always find fibers.” This is attributed to their unique shape, which allows them to remain suspended in the air for extended periods and travel considerable distances compared to more compact particles.
‘Fast Fashion’ and Fiber Shedding: A Direct Correlation
A key observation from the research is the direct correlation between garment quality and fiber shedding. Rosal asserts that ‘fast fashion’ plays a significant role in this phenomenon, stating, “Poor quality and fast fashion go hand in hand.”
The most influential factor, according to Rosal, is fiber length. Shorter fibers are more prone to detaching. Materials such as certain recycled polyesters, cotton, and wool release significantly more fibers than high-quality technical fabrics made with longer fibers. Beyond fiber length, factors such as yarn type, twist, finish, and fabric manufacturing processes also contribute to shedding.
The project also emphasizes the heightened exposure to fibers in indoor environments. “There is more exposure to fibers indoors than outdoors,” the professor cautions.
Unanswered Questions on Health Impacts and Future Goals
Despite these advancements, many questions remain regarding the effects of these airborne particles on human health. Rosal admits, “we actually know very little.” While current studies suggest that few fibers reach the deeper regions of the lungs, further research is ongoing.
The team is currently investigating the capacity of textile fibers to transport microorganisms and facilitate their airborne dispersion. “These fibers can be very easily colonized by microorganisms, including pathogens,” Rosal notes.
The long-term objective of this research extends beyond developing standardized measurement tools. The researchers aim to contribute to transforming the model of clothing production and consumption. “We want to help reduce, or if possible, eliminate fast fashion with poor-quality fibers,” Rosal states.
The researcher also points out that textile recycling remains a significant environmental challenge due to the complex composition of modern garments, which often feature material blends that are difficult to separate.
Source: telemadrid.es
