Palma de Mallorca: A Comprehensive Guide to the Balearic Capital

Palma de Mallorca, known as Palma, is the lively capital and largest city of the Balearic Islands, Spain. Located on the sunny southern coast of Mallorca in the Bay of Palma, this city is more than just the main entrance to the island’s beaches. Here, old-world history meets a modern and energetic Mediterranean atmosphere, allowing visitors to enjoy a wealth of culture, architecture, and food.

From its origins as a Roman settlement to its role as a busy tourist center (the eighth largest city in Spain with a population of 438,234 in 2024), Palma de Mallorca has always been a key place in the Mediterranean. Its location brought many influences, visible in its grand Gothic cathedral, winding old streets, and mix of architectural styles. Whether you’re interested in history, nightlife, or relaxing by the sea, Palma de Mallorca offers something for everyone.

What is Palma de Mallorca?

Palma de Mallorca, often just called Palma, is the main city and capital of the Balearic Islands, which are part of Spain. It’s a major port and the center of economy and culture on Mallorca, the largest island of the group. The city’s official name has changed back and forth between “Palma” and “Palma de Mallorca” at different times, including the periods 1983-1988, 2006-2008, and 2012-2016.

The city stands out for mixing its long history with a busy, present-day feel. It’s a popular weekend city break with well-known beaches, impressive Gothic buildings, and a modern foodie scene. Palma is a hit with lovers of wine, food, and culture-offering memorable experiences whether you’re walking through medieval courtyards or having a sunset drink on a rooftop bar.

Location of Palma de Mallorca

You’ll find Palma de Mallorca on the south side of Mallorca, right by the Bay of Palma (or Badia de Palma in Catalan). This spot in the western Mediterranean makes it a main hub for the Balearics. The city center sits just north of the bay that shares its name.

The area east of the city is mostly a flat and fertile plain called Es Pla. To the north and west, you’ll find the mountain range Serra de Tramuntana, a UNESCO World Heritage site, offering a stunning backdrop. The Cabrera Archipelago, though separate, also counts as part of Palma’s municipal area.

Why Palma de Mallorca is Important

Palma matters for several reasons. As the capital and largest city of the Balearic Islands, it leads in local government, business, and culture-almost half of Mallorca’s population lives here. Its key spot in the Mediterranean has given Palma a rich and varied history, influenced by Romans, Byzantines, Muslims, and the Kingdom of Aragon. This is easy to see in the city’s architecture and local traditions.

Tourism is what keeps Palma and most of Mallorca running, now making up 80% of the island’s economy. Since the 1950s, Palma’s growth as a travel spot has brought prosperity and made it one of Spain’s wealthiest places. Besides tourism, farming (especially almonds, oranges, lemons, and olives) plays a role. The mix of historical significance, convenient location, natural beauty, and a strong economy makes Palma a standout Mediterranean city.

At-a-Glance: Palma de Mallorca

• Population (2024): 438,234 (Spain’s 8th largest city)
• Languages: Catalan and Spanish
• Currency: Euro
• Climate: Mostly hot and dry, with over 300 days of sunshine yearly. Average temperature: 18.5°C (65°F)
• City area: About 21.4 km² (8.2 mi²)
• Elevation: 13 m (43 ft) above sea level
• Main Sights: La Seu (Cathedral), Bellver Castle, Almudaina Palace, Arab Baths
• Tourism: Major travel destination since the 1950s. Airport served over 31 million passengers in 2023.
• Interesting Points: Bellver Castle is Spain’s only round castle; Mallorca’s classic pastry, ensaïmada, is protected by the EU.
• Famous Locals: Rafa Nadal (tennis), Jorge Lorenzo (motorcycling), Rossy de Palma (actress)
• Twin Cities: Portofino, Alghero, Naples (Italy)

History of Palma de Mallorca

Palma’s story is full of changes, conquests, and influences that have shaped its character. From Roman days to its present as a busy tourist center, each era left marks on the city. You can see the blend of Talaiotic, Roman, Byzantine, Islamic, and Aragonese backgrounds in Palma’s buildings and culture.

Roman Beginnings

Palma started as a Roman camp, built on a site already used by early settlers. It became part of the Roman province of Tarraconensis in 123 BC, serving as a port for trade with North Africa (Carthage) and Spain (Saguntum, Gades). Remains from Roman times are rare, but old walls can still be found in places like Can Bordils. Later, the city was raided by Vandals and then taken by the Byzantines, seen in mosaics in the oldest parts of the cathedral.

Muslim Rule

Between 902 and 1229, Palma was under Islamic rule, called Medina Mayurqa, and served as the island’s capital. Muslims first arrived in 708 with a treaty, letting the city’s residents keep their ways of life in exchange for taxes. During this time, piracy flourished, which eventually led to retaliation from Andalusia. Over time, Palma became part of the taifa of Dénia and the center of trade and piracy, which brought both wealth and trouble. Christian raids and internal struggles led to new rulers, ending with the Almohads taking over in 1203.

Aragonese Conquest and Middle Ages

James I of Aragon captured Palma on December 31, 1229, after a long siege. The city was renamed and made the capital of the Kingdom of Majorca. Under his son, James II, Palma experienced a building boom-Bellver Castle, new churches, and the start of the Cathedral’s construction. Trade with other Mediterranean regions brought prosperity, but the period ended after the kingdom was annexed to Aragon in 1344.

The late Middle Ages saw violent anti-Jewish riots in 1391, forcing Jews to flee or convert. Despite setbacks, Palma became known for its cartographers, such as Abraham Cresques.

17th to 19th Centuries

The 17th century was hard for Palma, with economic decline and pirate attacks. Internal rivalries and continued persecution of Jews, called “xuetes,” also marked this era. Things changed with the 1715 Nueva Planta decrees, which adjusted local governance after the Spanish Succession War. By the 1800s, trade with Spain’s American colonies helped Palma grow again. The city became the capital of the Balearic Islands in 1833. French control of Algeria removed threats from North African pirates, making sea trade safer and boosting the local economy.

Modern Developments

The 1950s started a new era thanks to mass tourism. Visitor numbers went from 500,000 in 1960 to over 6.7 million by 1997, and then 31 million in 2023. This has made Palma richer but also brought issues like higher living costs and crowding. Since the 2000s, urban improvements have attracted new residents, adding to the city’s diversity. Even with challenges, Palma is still a sought-after place for tourists and was recognized as one of Europe’s smart tourism cities.

Geography and Weather

Part of what draws visitors to Palma de Mallorca is its beautiful setting and pleasant climate. The city rests on the Bay of Palma, surrounded by varied landscapes from flat land in the east to the mountain range in the west. This scenery, together with mild weather, makes Palma a good place for outdoor fun all year.

Climate

Palma has a hot, mostly dry climate that feels Mediterranean. The average annual temperature is about 18.5°C (65°F). Winters are mild (with January highs of around 15.7°C and lows of 8.5°C), and freezing temperatures are very rare. Summers are warm but not extreme, usually not crossing 40°C. August is the hottest month, with highs near 30°C and lows around 23°C.

Most rain falls in autumn, but generally, there are about 2,800 hours of sunshine each year. The sea averages 19.5°C, allowing for swimming from late April through early November.

Geographical Features

Palma is a port city in the southwest of Mallorca, covering about 21.4 km² and around 13 meters above sea level. The city center faces the Bay of Palma, while Es Pla (flat land) stretches to the east. To the north and west is the UNESCO-listed Serra de Tramuntana, great for hiking and cycling. Elsewhere, the island features sandy beaches, small coves, and typical Mallorcan villages. The Cabrera Archipelago is also considered part of Palma’s municipality.

People and Languages in Palma de Mallorca

Palma is home to people from many backgrounds, shaped by centuries of migration, trade, and, more recently, tourism. Its population and language use reflect this diverse mix.

Population Details

Palma’s population has grown a lot, especially since tourism took off in the 1950s:

• 1842: 42,352 residents
• 1900: 65,382
• 1940: 100,000+
• 2001: 333,801
• 2021: 424,837
• 2024: 438,234

The city’s urban area is even bigger, around 550,000 people (2017). Almost 30% of Palma’s residents in 2024 were foreign-born.

Languages and Culture

Both Catalan and Spanish are official languages in Palma, and locals often switch between them. Catalan is important locally, while Spanish is used nationwide. Thanks to tourism, English and German are often spoken in tourist areas. This mix shows Palma’s international character. The city is also known for traditional food, festivals, and arts, blending the old with the new.

Transport and Getting Around

Arriving in and exploring Palma is straightforward, with plenty of ways to get in and out of the city. Here’s a look at your options.

Arriving by Plane

Palma Airport (PMI) is just 8 km from the city center and one of Spain’s busiest airports. In 2023, over 31 million passengers passed through. The airport has direct flights to most European cities and daily connections to Spain’s major hubs. Buses (A1, A2, 34) run from the airport to the city and the port, taking about 45 minutes. Taxis are also available and need about 20 minutes to reach the city center.

Public Transport

Palma’s public transport includes city buses, intercity buses (TIB), trains, and a metro. The main transfer point is Plaça d’Espanya with Estació Intermodal underneath-a modern hub for all transport lines. EMT city buses cover all areas and run from early morning to late evening, with some night services. The TIB connects Palma with other towns. The metro (M1 line) links the city center to the university, and the historic railway to Sóller starts next to the park at Plaça d’Espanya.

Taxis and Transfers

Palma has 1,246 white taxis with air conditioning, operated by four main companies. These are easy to book and used to be black and ivory until 1999. For airport or hotel transfers, you can hire taxis or arrange private transfers, including luxury options.

Biking and Walking

Palma is made for walking and cycling, especially in the Old Town’s narrow streets. The city’s red cycle paths run along the seafront and through downtown, and bikes or e-scooters are easy to rent. A favorite cycle path goes from Palma to S’Arenal, right by the sea-a flat, safe route perfect for families. There are also routes from Palmanova to Santa Ponsa or towards Peguera, but be careful in midday heat.

Places to Stay in Palma de Mallorca

Whatever your budget or taste, Palma has a wide range of sleeping options. From luxury hotels in grand old buildings to cozy apartments and spa retreats, you can pick what suits your trip best.

Luxury and Boutique Hotels

There are now many boutique hotels in restored palaces mainly around the Old Town, close to the cathedral and in neighborhoods like La Llonja and Sant Nicolau. These hotels keep original features but add modern comforts, giving guests a unique experience. For example, Hotel Sant Francesc and Can Bordoy Grand House & Garden offer top-level service. Hotels along the seafront (Paseo Marítimo) may have bigger rooms with sea views, but lack the charm of central boutique hotels.

Holiday Rentals and Apartments

If you want more space or a kitchen, consider renting an apartment or holiday home. These are popular with families and groups, often costing less for longer stays. Places like Palma Suites Residence provide a variety of apartment types. Staying in a rental can give you a taste of local life and extra privacy.

Spa Hotels and Wellness Retreats

If relaxation is your goal, Palma has many spa and wellness hotels, some a little outside the city center for peace and quiet. These usually have pools, gyms, and various treatments. Santa Clara Urban Spa & Hotel, for example, has a spa right in the center. Many boutique hotels also offer spa services so guests can unwind after exploring the city.

Top Things to See in Palma de Mallorca

Palma is packed with interesting sights, from historic churches and castles to hidden Moorish baths and art nouveau buildings. Here are some must-see spots:

La Seu Cathedral

The Cathedral of Santa Maria (La Seu) is Palma’s most famous building. Built beside the sea, construction started in 1229 and finished in 1601. It stands on the site of a former mosque and church, showing the city’s many layers. Inside, it has one of Europe’s tallest Gothic naves and a large rose window made of 1,200 colored crystals. Twice yearly, sunlight creates a special “Spectacle of the Eight”-a colorful light show on the wall. Architect Antoni Gaudí added his own mark during a restoration in 1901.

Bellver Castle

Bellver Castle, set on a hill just outside Palma, is the only round castle in Spain. Built in the 1300s for King James II, it offers 360-degree views of the city and sea. The castle also houses a museum about Mallorca’s medieval history. Its circular design is echoed in many local traditions and foods, such as the ensaïmada.

Almudaina Palace

Right next to La Seu, this palace was once a Muslim fortress before Spanish kings made it their home. You can walk through rooms filled with old furniture and see great views of the harbor.

The Arab Baths (Banys Àrabs)

Hidden in the Old Town, the Arab Baths date to the 10th or 11th century. It’s a small but special spot, with a domed main room, stone columns, and a peaceful garden-one of the few reminders of Palma’s Moorish days.

Old Town and Plaça d’Espanya

The Old Town is known for its narrow streets, elegant balconies, and charming courtyards. Highlights include the Town Hall in Plaça de Cort, an ancient olive tree, and several small museums and cafes. Just outside the Old Town is Plaça d’Espanya, which is Palma’s transport hub and features a statue of James I.

Modernist Architecture

Palma has many buildings in the Modernist (early 1900s) style. Notable is the Gran Hotel, designed in 1903. As you walk around, watch for curved facades and decorative details from this period, inspired by architects like Gaudí.

Museums and Art

Palma is also a city for art and culture, with museums and galleries dedicated to modern and traditional works.

Es Baluard Museum

This modern art museum sits in an old fortress and shows Balearic art from the 1900s onwards. It’s also a great place to stop for a meal on the terrace, which overlooks the city.

Fundació Pilar i Joan Miró

Dedicated to the famous artist Joan Miró, whose wife and mother were from Mallorca. You can visit his studios, see his paintings and sculptures, and learn how the island inspired him.

Casal Solleric

An 18th-century mansion now turned into a space for contemporary art and photography. It regularly hosts new exhibitions in a beautiful, old setting.

Pueblo Español and More

Pueblo Español is an open-air museum with replicas of famous Spanish buildings. Elsewhere in Palma, you’ll find smaller museums focusing on local history, crafts, toys, or religious objects. Art lovers can use the Palma Pass for entry discounts to many museums and events.

Palma’s Beaches

Besides its cultural appeal, Palma is close to a range of beaches-from busy city shores to quiet spots for swimming and sunbathing.

City Beaches: Can Pere Antoni and Cala Major

Can Pere Antoni is the main city beach, starting behind the cathedral-a popular stretch for quick dips. A few kilometers west is Cala Major, lively with cafes, both accessible by bus or taxi.

Nearby Beaches: Ciudad Jardín, Portixol, Illetas

Ciudad Jardín has a calm beach and promenade lined with bars. Portixol is a fishing port with a sheltered sandy beach. For quieter surroundings, head to Illetas (9km away), which offers three scenic beaches with calmer waters.

Beach Facilities

• Sunbeds and umbrellas for rent
• Bars, restaurants, and shops close by
• Water sports: paddleboarding, windsurfing, snorkeling
• Family-friendly choices like Playa de Muro (shallow water, good facilities)
• Paved promenades ideal for walking and cycling

Eating and Drinking in Palma de Mallorca

Palma is a paradise for foodies, featuring a mix of local and international food. The city’s dishes combine fresh island produce with Mediterranean recipes and touches from other cultures.

Local Dishes

• Ensaïmada de Mallorca – Soft, spiral-shaped pastry, unique to Mallorca and protected by law
• Tumbet – Baked vegetables similar to ratatouille
• Sobrassada – Spicy, spreadable sausage
• Panades – Meat or veggie empanadas
• Rubiols – Sweet, filled pastries
• Trampó – Simple salad of peppers, onions, tomatoes

Restaurants and Bars

In the Old Town (especially La Llonja), you’ll find many traditional Mallorcan restaurants. For something newer or international, the Santa Catalina area is packed with places offering modern tapas, Italian, or Asian food. Top spots include Adrian Quetglas (creative, Mediterranean) and Simply Fosh (Michelin star), while Chapeau 1987 serves standout cocktails. For fresh seafood, visit the fishing ports of Portixol and Molinar.

Markets and Tapas

The Mercat de l’Olivar and Mercat de Santa Catalina are indoor markets filled with fresh produce, seafood, cheeses, and bars where you can try small plates. Tapas are an important part of local life-try “La Ruta Martiana” on Tuesdays for good-value tapas and drinks as you visit different bars.

Pastry and Café Culture

No trip to Palma is complete without trying ensaïmada, usually best at Ca’n Joan de S’Aigo-the city’s oldest café. Pair it with a rich hot chocolate or homemade almond ice cream for a classic Mallorcan treat.

Nightlife in Palma

As night falls, Palma offers a wide range of evening activities-cool cocktail bars, clubs, live music, and late-night dining in lively districts like Santa Catalina and La Lonja.

Popular Nightlife Areas

• Santa Catalina: Trendy bars, busy streets, young and international vibe, street art, tapas
• La Lonja: More traditional feel, jazz clubs, cocktail bars, elegant restaurants
• Paseo Marítimo: Seafront bars and large clubs, especially busy in summer
• Can Barbara Marina: Local-style night bars by the harbor

Rooftop Bars

Many upscale hotels have rooftop bars with views over the city, cathedral, and bay-ideal for a drink at sunset. Chapeau 1987 is known for its imaginative cocktails and whisky selection.

Events and Festivals

Palma celebrates many fiestas and cultural events all year, giving visitors a taste of local life.

Main Traditional Festivals

• Sant Sebastiá (January): The city’s patron saint, with concerts, barbecues, and street parties ending with the fiery “correfoc” parade.
• Sant Joan (June): Summer solstice celebrations with bonfires, fireworks, and fire runs (“Nit de Foc”).
• Three Kings Parade (January): Floats and parades for the Epiphany.
• Sa Rua (February): Carnival parade with costumes and music.

Cultural Events

• Nit de l’Art (September): Free evening access to museums and galleries; the city turns into an open art show.
• Bellver Castle Music Festival: Summer concert series in a historic setting.
• Theatre and dance festivals: Opera and ballet performed in Palma’s old theaters.

Sports Events

• Palma Marathon (October): Attracts runners from around the world.
• Ciutat de Palma Sailing Trophy (December): Major sailing event.
• Palma International Boat Show (April): Nautical exhibition in the city’s harbor.
• Vuelta a Mallorca (February): Professional cycling race beginning in Palma.

Annual Highlights

• Winter: Three Kings, Sant Sebastiá, Carnival
• Spring: Boat Show
• Summer: Sant Joan bonfires, outdoor concerts
• Autumn: Nit de l’Art, Marathon, TaPalma festival (Tapas event), Ella Festival

Things To Do in Palma and Beyond

Palma is a great base for exploring the rest of the island, with much to do within and outside the city.

Shopping

The main shopping streets-Passeig des Born, Avinguda Jaume III-have stores ranging from global brands to small boutiques. The area near Plaça Major has local markets for crafts and souvenirs. Mercat de l’Olivar and Mercat de Santa Catalina offer fresh produce and lively tapas bars. El Corte Inglés is the main department store.

Cycling

Palma makes cycling easy with dedicated paths along the seafront and into town. The ride to S’Arenal is flat and great for families, with many places to stop for food by the water. Longer cycling routes head out towards other towns for those wanting more of a workout.

Boat Trips and Yachts

Palma’s large marina is ideal for renting a boat or joining a cruise. Trips range from luxury yachts to guided boat tours visiting quiet beaches and coves. Sunset cruises with snacks and drinks are very popular, and Palma is a frequent stop for pleasure cruises around the Mediterranean.

Day Trips

• Sóller: Go by vintage train to a lovely town surrounded by mountains. Take the tram to Port de Sóller for sea views and seafood.
• Deià: Famous for its artists and pretty hillside setting, about 45 minutes by car from Palma.
• Wine region: Visit small wineries in the center of the island, just half an hour away, to try local wines.
• Valldemossa and Alcúdia: Explore mountain villages and Northeastern historic sites.

Fun Facts about Palma de Mallorca

Special Architecture

• Bellver Castle: The only round castle in Spain, symbolizing the city’s unique approach to buildings. The circular theme appears in local food (ensaïmada), roads, and towns.
• Cathedral’s Rose Window: At 13 meters wide, it is one of the largest in the world and creates a special light show-“Spectacle of the Eight”-in February and November.
• Modernist Details: Inspired by famous architects like Gaudí, visible on old buildings and the Gran Hotel.
• Banys Àrabs: Columns reused from older Roman sites, with elements from both the Byzantine and Islamic periods.

Traditions and Oddities

• Espectáculo del Ocho: Twice a year at the cathedral, thousands come to see the special sunrise light display.
• Ensaïmada de Mallorca: This pastry can only carry the name if made on the island-sea air is said to affect its rise.
• Caves: Over 200 natural caves exist on Mallorca, such as the Genova Cave in Palma, which you can visit.
• Wildlife: Look for the rare Mallorcan Midwife toad in the Tramuntana mountains.
• German Connection: So many Germans visit regularly that locals sometimes joke that Mallorca is Germany’s “17th state.”
• Name History: Official name changes between “Palma” and “Palma de Mallorca” have been frequent, but it’s always “Ciutat” (city) in Catalan for locals.

Frequently Asked Questions

Top Things to Do in Palma

• See La Seu Cathedral (famous rose window, Gaudí’s touch)
• Go to Bellver Castle for views and a lesson in history
• Stroll the Old Town (Plaça de Cort’s ancient tree, artisan shops, and cafes)
• Tour Almudaina Palace (next to the cathedral, see the blend of Gothic and Moorish architecture)
• Visit Banys Àrabs (10th-century Arab baths and peaceful garden)
• Sample food at Mercat de l’Olivar and Ca’n Joan de S’Aigo café
• Lounge at Can Pere Antoni or Cala Major beaches
• Enjoy art at Es Baluard Museum or the Miró Foundation
• Experience nightlife in Santa Catalina or La Lonja
• Take a day trip by train to Sóller or visit mountain/village wine regions

Is Palma Family-Friendly?

• Safe beaches for children (shallow water, facilities at Playa de Muro)
• Parks: Parc de la Mar and children’s play zones near Plaça d’Espanya
• Historic outings like Bellver Castle, plus family lodgings and apartments
• Easy transport, flat cycling paths, and plenty of casual dining options for families

How Long Should You Stay?

• 3 days: Covers main sights, some relaxation, and sampling city life.
• 1 week: Adds more island exploration-villages, beaches, wineries, and outdoor activities.

When to Visit?

For mild weather and fewer tourists, visit in spring or early autumn. For lively beaches and festivals, choose summer. For a quieter, relaxed city experience, winter is good.